| 2. | Catastrophic damages to structure can be made by lateral permanent displacement , namely large ground displacement , on gently sloping ground induced by liquefaction of saturated soil deposits during earthquake , which is the main type of seismic damages of highways , railways , bridges , docks , embankments , buildings , underground structures and lifeline engineering in liquefied area . in recent ten years , studies on the new type of failure made by liquefaction have been carried out
地震过程中由于饱和砂土液化诱发的小坡度地面侧向永久位移即地面大位移对结构的破坏，是液化区公路、铁路、桥梁、码头、堤坝、房屋、地下结构与生命线工程震害的主要形式之一，近十几年来，人们越来越重视对这种新的液化破坏形式的研究。 |
